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A ‘Game Changer’ For Organ Transplants: Blood Type of Donor Kidneys Altered in Breakthrough Research_我的网站

A |     Breakthrough new research could significantly increase supply of organs for people with rarer blood types waiting for a transplant, reported The Guardian.,A team of scientists from the University of Cambridge have successfully altered the blood type of three donor kidneys. By flushing blood infused with a special enzyme through a human kidney the scientists removed the blood type markers lining the blood vessels of the organ.,The procedure required using a device that is connected with a donor’s kidney to pass oxygenated blood through it - a normothermic perfusion machine. As a result, the organ was converted to type O, considered the universal donor.,Blood Group Compatible,As the blood type of a donor must be compatible with the recipient’s, the new development could increase the supply of kidneys available for transplant.,A kidney from someone with blood type A cannot be transplanted to someone with blood type B, or visa versa. In such a case, the receiving body’s immune system would reject the new organ, interpreting the different blood type as foreign.,So changing the blood type to the universal O would mean the donor organ could be used for people with any blood type.,“Our confidence was really boosted after we applied the enzyme to a piece of human kidney tissue and saw very quickly that the antigens were removed. After this, we knew that the process is feasible, and we just had to scale up the project to apply the enzyme to full-size human kidneys,” Serena MacMillan, a PhD student at the University of Cambridge, said.,Scientists involved in the research, funded by charity Kidney Research UK and due to be published in the British Journal of Surgery, clarified that the outcome might have particular implications for minority ethnic groups.,Science & TechGood News for ABs: Scientists Can Now Change People's Blood Type21 February, 16:34 GMT,Some blood groups such as O Rh positive and B Rh positive are more prevalent among black, Asian and minority ethnic communities. To complicate matters further, some rare blood types are only found within the black, Asian and minority ethnic communities,This typically places them at a disadvantage, as they struggle to find a match. With low donation rates from these populations, stressed the researchers, sometimes such patients wait for as long as over a year for a compatible donor. They cited figures from 2020-21 showing that just over 9% of total organ donations in the UK came from black and minority ethnic donors. On the other hand, black and minority ethnic patients make up 33% of the kidney transplant waiting list.,“It’s very exciting to think about how this could potentially impact so many lives,” added Serena MacMillan.,The “potentially gamechanging” research was applauded by Dr Aisling McMahon, the executive director of research at Kidney Research UK.,The scientists will now test the reintroduction of other blood types and observe how the novel approach in clinical settings.。    与大多数机上Wi-Fi提供的典型速度相比，这当然是一个大飞跃。 OneZero报告说，大多数航班使用的是空对地系统，每架航班的最高速度约为10Mbps（而且只在陆地上空飞行时工作），而目前的卫星系统通常提供30Mbps至100Mbps速率。取决于每次飞行中使用互联网的乘客数量，每架飞机的网速都与标称速度有所不同。SpaceX网站上的支持页面声称，其Starlink Aviation互联网连接将在整个滑行、起飞、水陆飞行和着陆过程中可用，延迟低至20毫秒，并且将覆盖全球。官网上的一个常见问题解答中写道。"由于卫星在低地球轨道上移动，在高纬度地区和极地地区总有卫星在头顶或附近提供强大的信号--与地球静止的卫星不同。"预计该服务将于2023年中期开始交付。据Aviacionline报道，在最近的一次测试飞行中，Starlink航空能够在机上提供100Mbps的互联网速度。

B | JSX在伯班克和加州圣何塞之间的一次飞行中进行了演示，该公司在4月宣布它将成为首批采用机上互联网服务的航空公司之一。

C | 9月，JSX首席执行官Alex Wilcox说，他预计本月开始向乘客提供该服务，并在年底前让公司的每一架飞机都配备该系统，夏威夷航空公司也在4月宣布与Starlink达成协议，预计明年开始安装。

D | SpaceX首席执行官埃隆·马斯克早就讨论过该公司为飞机提供Starlink互联网服务的计划。

E | 2021年3月，SpaceX向联邦通信委员会提出申请，授权Starlink在移动平台上使用。"这是针对飞机、船舶、大型卡车和房车的，"马斯克不久后在Twitter上说。

F | 从那时起，我们已经看到Starlink Maritime宣布用于船只，Starlink RV用于移动房车。

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